Subject:
Holy War: FW: IRISH AND SCOTTISH GENEALOGY
Date:
Mon, 15 Oct 2001 19:35:48 ‑0700
From:
"Andy" <[email protected]>
Reply‑To:
To:
"Holy_War@yahoogroups. com" <[email protected]>
‑‑‑‑‑Original Message‑‑‑‑‑
From: Bob Jones [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, October 15, 2001 19:22
To: Pastor Bob Jones
Subject: IRISH AND SCOTTISH GENEALOGY
Importance: High
IRISH AND SCOTTISH GENEALOGY
INFORMATION OF RELATED PEOPLES
Many have heard, and are very familiar with, the terms
"Irish" and "Scottish", and really don’t know the difference
between the two. The Irish and Scots are really the same people
except they arrived in Britain two thousand years apart. The
ancestors of the Irish arrived in Britain about 1600 B.C., while the
Scots arrived about 501 A.D. It is simply amazing that two groups of
the same people would wander through the earth and end up
locating within a few miles from each other two thousand years
later in Britain. Because there are two different groups of the same
peoples concerned here, we will have to treat them separately
even though they came from the same family. We will first
investigate the background of the
Irish.
The Irish are a very ancient people, and their history
covers a large span of time. If we will take the time to do a little
arithmetic, we will soon see we are talking about approximately
3,500 years or better. With the United States being 223 years old
(1999), you can see the Irish history is about 18 times as old as we
are. When one
considers all the things that have happened since 1776, it is
staggering to imagine what has happened to the Irish people over a
period of 3,500 years.
It all started when a very grand lady by the name of Tamar
had twin boys by her father‑in‑law. A lot of people judge Tamar as a
woman with a low moral reputation. This is because they don’t
know all the details of this complicated story. In the birthing
process, it appeared that the one twin (Zerah) was going to be born
first as he put out his hand. The midwife put a scarlet thread around
his hand to mark the firstborn child. To the midwife’s amazement,
the other twin (Pharez) proceeded to come out first. It was always
of the utmost importance to identify the firstborn in the case of
twins, for the firstborn received the birthright. Today, both the Irish
and Scots claim the emblem of the hand with the scarlet thread (or
the red hand), showing they are of the Zerah branch of Judah. To
bring you this 3,500 year old history, I will be quoting from various
authors who have written various phases of this history.
If you will remember, Judah (and I am not talking about
"Jews") was to be the royal tribe, Genesis 49:9‑12:
9 Judah is a lion’s whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art
gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old
lion; who shall rouse him up? 10 The sceptre shall not depart from
Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and
unto him shall the gathering of the people be. 11 Binding his foal
unto the vine, and his ass’s colt unto the choice vine; he washed
his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: 12 His
eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.
With this passage, we can already see more symbology of
Judah appearing. To get started with this almost forgotten history
of the Irish (as being Zerah Judah), I will quote from Father
Abraham’s Children, by Perry Edward Powell, Ph. D., pages 98‑101;
Let us put it in a different way, here is the beginning of
royalty. What else does scepter mean? Judah led in the conquest
of Canaan and received the first and
choicest portion. David raised it to pre‑eminence over the tribes
and the nations. He is the first king of the Judah‑Pharez line, and he
did not appear for seven hundred years. Was there and is there an
older line of royalty? The answer is, Yes. The Judah‑Zerah [line]
was royal from the beginning. The two royalties are now merged
and have been for centuries in the British royal house. And how
long shall we have royalty? ‘Until Shiloh comes.’ [The future] Shiloh
came to Bethlehem, the first Advent, and will come again [as
Shiloh] at the end of time, the second Advent. Royalty is eternal.
The throne of David is everlasting. There is no royalty in Europe but
descends from Judah. And the Judah‑Zerah royalty is, we repeat,
seven hundred years older than Judah‑Pharez because it began at
once. You can read Genesis 38 to see how royalty began [but there
is much more to talk about].
Another great event is recorded in Genesis 46:12, [if we
dare mention it]. Here we can read the census of those of the
family of Jacob who went with him into Egypt,
eventually into Egyptian bondage though they did not know it at the
time. Pharez took with him his two sons, (which did not include
Shelah). Now Zerah went alone. No son accompanied him. We will
see where the son later traveled. Here is the inference and the
conclusion, The Trojan‑Welsh by‑passed the Egyptian captivity, and
all other captivities and have never been in slavery to any man, in
any land, at any time. (Slight changes or additions in brackets
above.)
Zerah’s son Ethan, very wise, and indeed this line of
Judah‑Zerah is the only royal line termed wise, on the other hand
led his people north, from Egypt where he was born, into what is
now Asia Minor, and his son Mahol continued likewise. Mahol’s heir,
Darda, reached the western shore, where on a commanding site, he
founded the metropolis of Troy. The date is 1520 B.C. Here the city
flourished for nearly four hundred years. Darda first saw the straits
that separated Europe and Asia and gave them his name,
Dardanelles. Darda also founded a fort here that is named after him.
But the greatest honor is recorded in the Bible, Solomon was ‘wiser
than all men; than ... Darda the son of Mahol.’ Thus great was the
founder of Troy and the sire of the Trojan race whose children
abide with us still. Troy fell because her sons had an eye for the
refined and beautiful in woman (sic). Her descendants have that
exquisite eye still and are naturally very proud of the
accomplishment. ...
When Troy fell she did so to arise on another shore in
eternal and imperial splendor. I am not referring to Italy. That
empire though long was ephemeral (short‑lived). Italy is an
interlude only. Aeneas, a member of the old royal family, attained
the kingship, led the saddened Trojans around the Mediterranean
Sea, as graphically described in the Aenead, and finally brought
them to their new home on the Tiber in Italy. Including this Italian
interlude, the Trojan period embraced 417 years.
Here on the Tiber happened a very sad event, too sad to
be recalled, and would not be except for its denouement (final
outcome). Brutus was one day hunting
with his father Silvius, when he spied the prey, as he thought, and
let fly an arrow. On running up he was shocked and grieved to find
that he had killed his own father! Some people then, as now, were
censorious and Brutus departed from the new colony, from which
later sprang Rome, and with his royal followers, went to Greece,
rallied the enslaved Trojans, defeated King Pendrasus, thus erasing
the defeat of Troy, and as victor exacted these terms; he must give
his daughter Ignoge for wife, furnish a big fleet of ships fully
provisioned, for his emigrant force of seven thousand men, and
free permission for them to sail unmolested. ...
Brutus, now with an object and direction, steered west
through the straits (pillars) of Hercules, then northward along the
east Atlantic main, across the English
Channel to the present river Dart, and up its stream to Totnes
where stepping on a large stone he landed on the great island
which was ever to bear his name as a memorial among the proud
nations of the world. This rock, more famous throughout the
centuries than Plymouth Rock, is marked as Brutus Rock, and has
been visited perennially by people of all nations, all ranks, and all
ages.
With his people he explored the whole island and he apportioned to
each one according to his rank and services. At last he decided the
proper place for his capital, a choice bank of the Thames river, so
named for a stream, Thyamis, in Epirus from which he first sailed,
and there he built his metropolis, and according to the advice of the
oracle, he named it Tri Novantum, New Troy. This name it
bore for over eleven hundred years when King Lud at the
beginning of the Christian era built her walls and renamed her
Luddun, Lud’s wall, easily refined into London. London is also
derived by some from Llandin, meaning ‘Sacred
eminence.’ London dates from three hundred‑fifty years before
Rome. Why should Rome be called the Eternal City?
If you are of Irish or Scottish descent, this history, as told
here, may seem strange and wonderfully astonishing. I am sure
many of you have never heard anything quite like this, or were
never taught anything remotely comparable in school. We really
shouldn’t take the word of one writer concerning this history
though. In the booklet, Our Neglected Heritage, "The Magnet of The
Isles", by Gladys Taylor, vol. 3, page 27 we read this:
The Reverend William Milner, in his chart of The Royal
House of Britain, gives the two grandsons of Judah, Calcol and
Darda, as Cecrops and Dardanos. The more we study the classical
references to these founders of cities, dynasties and legal
systems, the more they appear to resemble Calcol and Darda, who
were the children of Zarah, a migrating section of the family of
Judah, the sceptre tribe. Were the grandsons of Judah beginning to
put into effect the responsibilities of their tribe as kings and
administrators? ...
After the fall of Troy, the royal house of Dardanos was
divided and scattered. Caesar claimed descent from Aeneas and
Virgil wrote the Aeneid to proclaim this fact. From Ascanius Julius,
son of Aeneas and Creusa, daughter of Priam King of Troy, came
the Julian family of Rome and also Brutus the Trojan, grandson of
Ascanius, who gathered together a band of Trojan exiles, soon after
the fall of Troy and traveled westward to Britain. This could have
been a considerable migration. From a wealth of Greek and Latin
literature dealing with the departure of the Trojans, notably the
Trojan Cycle, listed by Proclus in the
second century A.D., we gather that Aeneas departed from Mount
Ida with 88,000 Trojans and built a fleet of 332 vessels. We leave
Aeneas in Italy and follow Brutus and his companions to Britain.
What this information is telling you is, if you are Irish you
are directly related to the Trojans, or if you are Scottish, you are
indirectly related, and both the Irish and
Scottish are direct descendants of Judah, or Israelites. And what
may seem more astounding, the so‑called "Jews" are not now, nor
ever were Israelites. They are actually descendants of Cain the
murderer!
LONG BEFORE THERE WAS EITHER A PROTESTANT OR ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHURCH, THERE EXISTED AN IRISH CHURCH
This is a true story which very few have any knowledge of
today. The facts of its existence have been almost totally erased
from history. Although, almost forgotten by those who should be
concerned the most, there is substantial evidence extant to prove
it's existence beyond all doubt. Actually the Irish church was
established in 37 A.D. To have an understanding of the Irish church
is an all important fact in understanding Irish genealogy. To get
started with this phase of our perusal (study), I am going to quote
again from the book, Father Abraham’s Children, by Perry Edwards
Powell, Ph. D., pages 140‑142:
Now we come to the missionary movement of Joseph of
Arimathea, who was appointed by Philip the apostle. After the
passion of his Nephew, persecution fell
heavily upon the infant church. The Jew and the Roman were bitter
persecutors but he knew where there was no persecution, but
protection. However, he was seized, and since the Jew could not
kill [under the Law directly], he and Lazarus and Mary and Martha
his sisters, Mary Magdalene, Marcella, Maximin, and others, all
objects of especial Jewish hostility, were ‘exposed to the sea in a
vessel without sail or oars.’ They drifted to Marseilles, southern
Gaul, where they arrived in a famished condition. The Arimathean
knew the territory and friendly traders, and was aided on his way,
the destination of which was now Britain. Here they eventually
arrived and came to rest in Ynis Avalon, Glastonbury, where he
rested and soon began his labors for his Nephew. The year was 37
A.D. On his tomb is the epitaph: Ad Britannos veni post Christum
sepelivi — Docui — Quievi. ‘I came to the Britons after I had buried
the Christ. I taught. I have entered on my rest.’
Thus was established the first above ground church in the
world at Glastonbury, in Britain. I am sure there are many who have
never heard this particular story of Joseph of Arimathea, and fewer
yet understand its importance. For more insight on Joseph of
Arimathea, I will quote, The Traditions of Glastonbury, by E.
Raymond Capt M.A., page 22:
Several ancient manuscripts indicate that after the Passion
of Christ, Joseph of Arimathea was commissioned by St. Philip, the
Apostle, to take the Gospel to Britain. One such manuscript is the
‘Victory of Aurelius Ambrosius’ by Gildas Albanicus. It asserts
plainly that Britain received the Gospel in the time of Emperor
Tiberius, and that Joseph was sent, with others (after the
dispersion of the Disciples) to Britain by St. Philip. There, Joseph
was to lay the foundation of the Christian religion. The author gives
the date ‘about the year of Our Lord 63’ and adds that Joseph
stayed in Britain the rest of his life.
Another manuscript, ‘De Antiquities of Glastonbury’ (1908),
contains this entry in the opening chapter: ‘St. Philip ... coming into
the country of the Franks to preach ... converted to the Faith, and
baptized them. Working to spread Christ’s word, he chose twelve
from among his disciples, and sent them into Britain. Their leader, it
was said, was St. Philip’s dearest friend, Joseph of Arimathea, who
buried the Lord.’ (Translated from ‘De Antiquite Glastonbiensis
Ecclesia’ 1240)
We can see from this, that outside of a few at Jerusalem,
the Gospel was first preached in Britain. This brings up one of the
most misunderstood, one of the most
misrepresented, and one of the most misquoted passages of
Scripture in the Bible. Almost everyone misunderstands it, or has a
twisted conception of its meaning. This Scripture is Romans 1:16
which reads, (KJV):
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the
power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew
first, and also to the Greek.
It’s not talking about the Canaanite "Jews" here, it’s
speaking of the Judahites in Britain, and they got the Gospel
message first just as it says! It should say: To the
Tribe of Judah in Jerusalem and in Britain first, and also the Greek,
and they were all Israelites, and nothing but Israelites! It was
through Judah in Britain that the Gospel message was sent to all
the other Israelite tribes. The few of Judah at Jerusalem, at this
time, are hardly worth mentioning. For more documentation, we
turn to the book, St. Joseph of Arimathea At Glastonbury, by Lionel
Smithett
Lewis, pages 92‑93:
Cardinal Baronius, the great Church historian, and most
learned librarian of the Vatican, in his Ecclesiastical Annals, on
which he spent 30 years, under the year A.D. 35, states that in that
year Joseph of Arimathea, Lazarus. Mary, Martha, Marcella, their
maid, and Maximin (blind from birth until healed by Yahshua) a
disciple, were put by the Jews into a boat without sails and oars,
and floated down the Mediterranean and landed at Marseilles, and
thence Joseph and his company crossed into Britain, and preached
the Gospel there, and finally died there.
FIRST IRISH CULDEE CHURCH ALMOST DIES OUT
In the book, St. Joseph Of Arimathea At Glastonbury, by
Lionel Smithett Lewis, it says this of King Lucius, (page 35):
St. Joseph’s little circle of twelve disciples was kept going
by anchorites (hermits) — as one died another was appointed; but
in [the] course of time a certain slackness seems to have come
over them. William of Malmesbury tells us that the holy spot at
length became a covert of wild beasts. Then in the days of Good
King Lucius aforesaid came a revival. Llewrug Mawr, Llewrug the
Great (grandson of Saint Cyllinus and great‑grandson of
Caractacus), nicknamed Lleiver Mawr or the great luminary (hence
his Latinized name of Lux or Lucius), was king of Britain in the
middle and towards the end of the 2nd century. He increased the
Light that the first missionaries, the disciples of Christ, had brought,
by sending emissaries to Eleutherius, Bishop of Rome, requesting
him to send missionaries to Britain. The Welsh Triads tell us that
Eleutherius, in response, sent Dyfan and Fagan, Medwy and Elfan,
all of them British names in A.D. 167.
Actually, the "Bishop of Rome" spoken of here, at this
time, was of the British church at Rome (Basilica Di Pudenziana)
from where King Lucius received "missionaries." British king
Caractacus’ daughter (Claudia), married Pudens of 2 Tim. 4:21, all of
whom were converted by the influence of the Irish British church,
of which the Apostle Paul had direct contact. It is obvious that the
entire history of Britain cannot be presented in this format,
therefore I will give a general outline during this period:
1.B.C. 55. Invasion of Britain by Rome under Julius
Caesar.
1.A.D. 37. Joseph of Arimathea establishes first above
ground church in the world at Glastonbury, in Britain.
1.A.D. 43. Edict of Emperor Claudius to exterminate
Christian Britain.
1.A.D. 52. Caractacus taken prisoner to Rome along with
Bran, his three sons, and daughters — including Linus and Claudia
of 2 Tim. 4:21.
1.A.D. 53. Pudens and Claudia (Gladys) of 2 Tim. 4:21
marry.
1.A.D. 60. The Boadicean War.
1.A.D. 156. Good King Lucius, by edict, proclaims Britain
the first Christian nation.
1.A.D. 290‑300. The Diocletian persecution.
1.A.D. 306, At Britain, at his father's death, Constantine
declares himself Emperor of Rome.
1.A.D. 411. Rome withdraws troops from Britain.
1.A.D. 449. Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain for
the next two centuries driving the British Culdee Celts to the
extreme west.
We read the next sequel, from The Origin and Early
Christianity In Britain, by Andrew Gray, D.D., pages 60‑62:
THE BRITISH CELTIC CHURCH
ALMOST FADES FROM VIEW
But the whole of the western part of the country remained
un‑ conquered. Strathclyde, including the country from the Clyde to
the Dee, the Kingdom of Cumbria; North Wales, or Cambria; South
Wales, and Devon and Cornwall, with part of Somerset and the
sacred Avàlon, remained purely British. This land the English called
Welsh‑land, or the "Land of the Foreigner", Welsh being the name
which the Germans applied to all nations speaking languages of
Latin descent ... and they found that all was lost, then, in A.D. 587,
they were forced by persecution to fly and join their
brethren in Wales.
To those parts we must now look for the Primitive Church
of Britain. It was shut off from, and perhaps to a considerable extent
forgotten by, the larger portion of
Christendom; but it now formed a closer alliance with the sister
Churches of Ireland and Scotland. It was conscious of no
submission to any foreign Church, but gazed fondly back to
Jerusalem and the Holy Land rather than to Rome. It had its own
Liturgy, its own customs, its own peculiar (although erroneous)
cycle of computing Easter. (Note: If they were keeping Passover at
the time of the full moon regardless of the day of the week, as in
the East, it was not erroneous.) It was orthodox in faith. It had, as
we learn from Gildas, a regularly ordained Episcopate. It believed
its Bishops to be the successors of the Apostles, and its priests
claimed the power to bind and loose. ...
It is of the greatest importance that we should gather all
the information possible concerning the Church in Wales, and get
as definite an idea of it as we can. There are, unfortunately, those
who erroneously suppose that the link between the early British
Church and the Church of England of the present day, was broken
by the Saxon invasion; and that the present Church of England
arose in
the time of Augustine, deriving its origin from Rome through him,
and not, as we are bound to maintain, from the Apostles and
Jerusalem in unbroken, continuous descent, through the British or
Celtic Church. ... The Saxon invasion had destroyed civilization and
Christianity in the larger part of England proper, but a remnant was
driven westward, and found its home in Wales. ...
THE BRITISH CELTIC CHURCH
REBOUNDS TO LIFE AGAIN
The Celtic church was finally driven to the extreme west of
the region because of the two hundred years of Saxon invasions.
The Saxons were, by this time, in possession of over 75% of the
land. It appeared, again, the light might flicker and finally go out on
the church which was started by Joseph of Arimathea, but
suddenly the light recovered to shine even brighter. For this part of
the story, I will quote from a secular source of history, The Story Of
Civilization, Part IV, "The Age Of Faith", by Will Durant, page 532:
As Germanic invasions of Gaul and Britain had driven
scholars from those lands to Ireland, so now the wave returned, the
debt was paid; Irish missionaries flung
themselves upon the victorious pagan Angles, Saxons,
Norwegians, and Danes in England, and upon the illiterate and
half‑barbarous Christians of Gaul and Germany. with the Bible in
one hand and classic manuscripts in the other;
and for a time it seemed that the Celts would win back through
Christianity the lands they had lost to force. It was in the Dark Ages
that the Irish spirit shone with its strongest light.
The greatest of these missionaries was St. Columba. We
know him well through the biography written (c. 679) by Adamnan,
one of his successors at Iona. Columba was born at Donegal in 521,
of royal stock; ... he was a saint who could have been a king. At
school in Moville he showed such devotion that his schoolmaster
named him Columbkille — Column of the Church. From the age of
twenty‑five he founded a number of churches and monasteries, of
which the most famous were at Derry, Durrow, and Kells. But he
was a fighter as well as a saint, "a man of powerful frame and
mighty voice"; his hot temper drew him into many quarrels, at last
into war with King Diarmuid a battle was fought in which, we are
told, 5000 men were killed; Columba, though victorious, fled from
Ireland (563), resolved to convert as many souls as had fallen in
that engagement at Cooldrevna. He now founded on the island of
Iona, off the west coast of Scotland, one of the most illustrious of
medieval monasteries. Thence he and his disciples brought the
Gospel to the Hebrides, Scotland, and northern England. And there,
after converting thousands of pagans and illuminating 300 "noble
books", he died, in prayer at the altar, in his seventy‑eighth year.
THEN ENTERS AUGUSTINE
You will notice in the last paragraph above, the Celtic
missionaries converted northern Saxons in England, but not the
southern Saxons. To convey the story of how they were converted
to Roman Catholicism, I will relate the story from the book, The
Horizon History Of Christianity, by Roland H. Bainton, pages
142‑143:
Augustine commenced in Kent under the favor of Queen
Bertha, a Christian queen (Merovingian French princess, obviously
a British Celtic convert) eager to
convert her pagan husband. King Ethelbert was willing to grant
Augustine an audience but only out of doors, where Augustine
would be less able to exercise what the king supposed were
magical powers; for he was reputed to be able to make tails grow
on the backs of those with whom he was displeased. The king was
so far persuaded that he granted land for the foundation of a
monastery at Canterbury, ever after to be the seat of the English
primate.
The reason, today, we are so unaware of the fact that the
British church was the true church established by Joseph of
Arimathea, by the direction of St. Philip, is
because most all the records have been destroyed. There have
been enough records to survive, though, to establish beyond all
doubt that the church of Britain (not to be confused with the present
day Anglican Church of England) was the true church, before being
Romanized. For this reason most everyone has assumed that the
true church was the Roman Catholic Church, which is entirely false.
Neither the Roman Catholic Church nor her Protestant daughters
represent the true church established by our Messiah. There was a
church established at Rome, and Linus (the son of Caractacus) was
appointed by the Apostle Paul to be the first Bishop, and it was not
related in any way to the Roman Catholic Church, ever! It was
called,
Basilica Di Pudenziana (also the Palace of the British). I will quote
from, The Drama of the Lost Disciples, concerning this true British
church at Rome, by George F. Jowett, page 125:
The church still stands and can be seen in what was once
the palatial grounds of the Palatium Britannicum, a memorial to the
Christianizing endeavors of St. Paul and the expatriate (exiled)
royal British family at Rome with Rufus Pudens. The church is
recorded in Roman history under four different names: 1. Palatium
Britannicum; 2. Titulus; 3. Hospitium Apostolorum; 4. Lastly, as St.
Pudentiana in honour and memory of the martyred daughter of
Claudia Pudens, by which name it is known to this day.
KING HENRY II SOLD OUT THE CELTIC CHURCH TO ROME
For this information, I am going to quote from the book The
Origin and Early History of Christianity In Britain, by Andrew Gray,
D.D., pages 88‑89:
It will be seen that the transaction, on the part of the
Roman Pontiff at least, was of the most deliberate and carefully
calculated kind. It is a little marvellous (sic) that Romanists of
to‑day in Ireland are so ill at ease under English rule. ...Henry,
under various pretexts, with the sanction and approval of the Pope,
took his armies to Ireland. The Irish chiefs, taken singly, soon
submitted to him, and paid him homage. The Bishops agreed to an
ecclesiastical union with the Church of England. Then Henry, to suit
his own ends, handed over the Irish Church to the Pope of Rome.
By these unwarranted acts schism was introduced, and Bishops
and priests were appointed by order of the Pope. A few of the
Bishops still continued to assert an independent position, and
offered here and there a spasmodic resistance, but the
independence of the Celtic Church was gone. She had been
betrayed by the King of England and the Pope of Rome. Irish
national independence, and Irish ecclesiastical independence
terminated practically together, and in both cases by fraud and
grasping usurpation. The fate was sealed when Gelasius,
Archbishop of Armagh, visited Dublin in 1172, and made his formal
submission to King Henry II. From this date to the Reformation the
papacy held sway, and the history of the 350 years which followed
the Synod of Cashel — when the Irish Church agreed to an
ecclesiastical union with the English — is indeed a dreary one.
ROMAN CATHOLICISM SITS ON A FALLACIOUS FOUNDATION
For information pertaining to "The Donation Of
Constantine" I will quote from: The Horizon History Of Christianity,
by Roland H. Bainton, pages 243‑244:
We do find skepticism of a sort in the form of historical
criticism used to expose the spuriousness of famous forgeries and
to examine sacred documents
critically. Historical criticism was a by‑product of studies by the
Humanists, whose profound interest in the antique encouraged a
pure Latin style. Through their comparison of classical and
medieval Latin, there arose an awareness of
philological (study in literature and linguistic) development. "The
Donation of Constantine", upon which the papacy long based its
claims to dominion, was exposed as a forgery by Lorenzo Valla.
The language, he pointed out, was not that of the age of
Constantine. In the document there were references to the
iconoclastic controversy of the eighth century. Documents of the
period of Constantine never once mentioned the Donation, and at
no time during that emperor’s reign did the popes actually exercise
the authority Constantine was supposed to have bestowed upon
them. Valla disproved also the common assumption that the
Apostles’ Creed was the work of the twelve apostles. More daring
was his application of historical, critical methods to the study of the
Bible, even though he came up with no startling conclusions. As far
as the Church was concerned, Valla’s demonstrations were not
especially disturbing. She could survive the exposure of forgery.
(See also, The Story Of Civilization; Part IV, "The
Age Of Faith", by Will Durant, pages 525‑526, along with footnote.)
Clifton A. Emahiser’s Teaching Ministries
1012 N. Vine Street, Fostoria, OH 44830
Phone (419)435‑2836
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